Political arithmetic is William Petty's ten strategies or suggestions to the British king in order to meet the challenges of Holland and France. In the translation of economic Masterpieces: political arithmetic, Peidi uses the arithmetic method to analyze the advantages of Britain, France and Holland, and disagrees with their respective economic and social conditions as well as tax, bank, real estate and religion. The author believes that it is completely possible for Britain to master the world trade of the whole business community.