The Book of Kuzari

The Book of Kuzari is regarded as one the most important apologetic works of Jewish philosophy. It is one of the most famous works of the medieval Spanish Jewish philosopher and poet Judah Halevi and was completed around 1140.

Divided into five parts, known as "ma'amarim" (articles), it takes the form of a dialogue between a rabbi and a pagan. The pagan is then mythologized as the king of the Khazars who has invited the rabbi to instruct him in the tenets of Judaism. Originally written in Arabic, the book was translated by numerous scholars, including Judah ben Saul ibn Tibbon, into Hebrew and other languages.

The Kuzari takes place during a conversion of some Khazar nobility to Judaism, as conflict was increasing between the Muslims in the south of Spain and the Christians in the north, with the line moving back and forth. As the Christians advanced, Jewish communities came under pressure to convert in order to survive. Judah Hallevi ended up in Christian Toledo in his later life, and The Book of Kuzazri is a product of that period: a defense of the Jewish religion and people, with a unique philosophical underpinning based on Hallevi's studies and views.

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