This book describes a new pedagogical approach to learning design by intentionally designing and incorporating errors into learning experiences. DELETE stands for Designing Errors for Learning and Teaching and it is an approach that targets the roles that errors can play in establishing the contextual boundaries of rules and operating procedures for learners. With clarity of boundaries, learners understand the context under which rules apply and don't apply, resulting in the development of competencies and capabilities and, subsequently, expertise.
DELETE as a methodology is useful for developing cognitive, affective, social and metacognitive capabilities in ways which are different from typical training pedagogies, focusing on contextual boundaries that enable application of concepts besides the concepts themselves, while typical training pedagogies focus on teaching the concepts.
The book provides stories and experiences as well as actual resources (e.g., case studies, critical incidents, Math problem sums) demonstrating the use of DELETE when designing lesson plans, learning resources and assessment items.
Contents:
Preface
Introduction
The Reasons for Designing Errors for Learning and Teaching (DELETE):
What are 'Errors'?
Why Learn from Errors?
How Do We Learn?
How DELETE (Designing Errors for Learning and Teaching) Works: The Error-Making Process:
Competencies and Beyond: Developing Proficiency and Expertise
Incorporating Variability and Unpredictability in Training to Develop Capabilities
Locating the DELETE Approach Within the Curriculum Design Process
The Process of Designing Errors for Learning and Teaching:
Examining the DELETE Approach as a Process
The Four Parameters in DELETE Approach
The DELETE Process: Designing Error, Task and the Engagement:
Designing the Task
Designing the Engagement and Review Process
The DELETE Error Engagement and Experimentation (E3) Learning Cycle
The Engagement and Review Process: Use Cases
The Seven-Step Process in the DELETE Approach
Preparation and Research: Collate and Analyse Errors
Defining the Types of Errors Using the 3 Cs
Developing Competences in Five Critical Areas:
Developing Metacognition
Developing Cognition
Developing Emotion
Developing Psychomotor Skills
Developing Sociality and Interpersonal Skills
Holistic Development Beyond Competency
Selecting and Designing the Errors to Trigger Reflection and Learning:
Linking Error Design with Learning Outcomes: Metacognition
Linking Error Design with Learning Outcomes: Cognition
Linking Error Design with Learning Outcomes: Emotion
Linking Error Design with Learning Outcomes: Psychomotor
Linking Error Design with Learning Outcomes: Sociality
Linking Error Design with Learning Outcomes: Holistic Development
Refining Errors
Worked Examples for Students and Adult Learners:
Designing Errors for Students: Examples
Designing Errors for Adult Learners
Designing Errors Based on Real Life Examples for Purposive Learning
How the DELETE Approach Differs from Other Instructional Designs
Working with AI and Next Steps
References
Annex A: Lesson Design Template for the DELETE Approach