CLASS 10 NCERT HISTORY SHORT NOTES IN ENGLISH

What is Nationalism?

Nationalism means that the ideology which promotes a common identity among the members of any nation is called nationalism. Many symbols are used to establish the sentiments of nationalism; Like national flag, national emblem, national anthem, etc.

Rise of nationalism in Europe:-

Instead of today's European nations, by the middle of the nineteenth century Europe was divided into several regions ruled by people of different dynasties. Monarchy was prevalent in those times. But during that time, there were some technological changes which resulted in amazing changes in the society. Due to those changes, the feeling of nationalism was born among the people.

French Revolution :-

First Expression of Nationalism: France was the country where the first expression of nationalism occurred. The French Revolution resulted in many changes in the politics and constitution of France. In 1789, power passed from monarchy to democracy. This democratic institution was formed by the citizens. Due to that incident, people started feeling that from now on the people of France will decide the future of their country themselves.

Reasons for the rise of nationalism:-

Autocratic governance system
Spread of liberal ideas
Role of educated middle class
Slogan of liberty, equality and fraternity.

Gradual development of nationalism in Europe :-

1789 French Revolution
1804 Civil Code
1815 Treaty of Vienna
1848 Revolution of liberals
1866-1871 Unification of Germany
1859-1871- Unification of Italy

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