CLASS 6 TO 12 NCERT GEOGRAPHY SHORT NOTES IN ENGLISH

Our earth spherical Not there. The Earth is slightly flat at the North and South Poles and slightly raised in the middle. Countries, continents and oceans are shown in their sizes on the globe.

A needle is situated in an inclined position in the globe, which is Axis It is said.

The two points on the globe through which the needle passes are the North and South Pole.

The imaginary line that divides the globe into two equal parts. This is called the equator.

half of this line is in the northern hemisphere and the southern half southern hemisphere.

Latitude lines :- All parallel circles from the equator to the poles latitude Called lines.

The equator represents zero degree latitude. All parallel lines north of the equator are called northern latitude and all parallel lines south of the equator are called southern latitude.

Latitude parallel lines :-

1. Tropic of Cancer in the Northern Hemisphere (23'30 N)

2.Tropic of Capricorn in the Southern Hemisphere (23 '30 S.)

3.North Pole Circle 66"30 north of the equator

4. South Pole Circle 66'30 south of the Equator,

Earth's heat zones:-

1.Tropical zone :- At latitudes between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn, the Sun is directly overhead once a year in the afternoon. Therefore, this area receives maximum heat and is called the tropical zone.

2.Temperate zone :- In the Northern Hemisphere, the temperature of the area between the Tropic of Cancer and the Arctic Circle and in the Southern Hemisphere between the Tropic of Capricorn and the South Polar Circle remains moderate. That is why they are called temperate.

3. Cold Tropics: The area between the North Pole in the Northern Hemisphere and the South Pole in the Southern Hemisphere is very cold. Because, here the sun does not come above the horizon. That is why these are called cold zones.

Longitude :- imaginary lines joining the north pole to the south pole longitude Is called. Longitude is measured in degrees. Each fraction is divided into minutes and seconds. (Unlike latitude (parallel) lines, all longitudinal meridians have the same length. The circle of longitude is 360 degrees.

Meridian :- The line passing through the city of Greenwich in England is called the meridian. Where the meridian passing through the British Government Observatory is called the prime meridian.

Its center is 0 longitude and from here we divide the Earth into two equal parts 180° Eastern Hemisphere and 180° Western Hemisphere.

The main meridian determines time in different countries. The one located at 180 latitude is called the International Date Line.

This is an imaginary line where the date changes by one day and the eastern countries are ahead of the western countries by a day or a few hours.

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