CLASS 8 NCERT GEOGRAPHY SHORT NOTES IN ENGLISH

90 percent of the world's population lives on only 30 percent of the land area. The remaining 70 percent of the land is either sparsely populated or uninhabited.

Land :- All important natural resources include land. 30 percent of the total area of the earth's surface is land. Not only this, not all parts of this small percentage are habitable.

Due to different characteristics of land and climate, the distribution of population is found in different parts of the world.
Rough topography, steep slopes of mountains, desert, dense, sparse areas.

land use :- Land is used for various purposes. Like agriculture, forestry, mining, roads, industries etc.
Is determined by physical factors. Such as topography, soil, climate, availability of minerals, water. Land use by human factors are important determinants of the pattern. Like population, technology. Private land is owned by individuals.
Community land is owned by the community.

Population increase, expansion of cultivable land, landslides, soil erosion, desertification are the major threats to the environment.

Conservation of land resources:- Due to increasing population and its increasing demands, there has been large-scale destruction of forest land and cultivable land. This has given rise to the fear of depletion of this natural resource. Therefore, afforestation, regulated use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers, and prohibition of overgrazing are some of the common methods used for land conservation.

Soil :- The thin layer of granular particles covering the earth's surface is called soil. It is closely connected to the land. Land forms determine the type of soil. Soil is formed from minerals obtained from rocks and organic matter and minerals found on the land. It is formed through the process of weathering. The right mix of minerals and organic matter makes the soil fertile.

Just one centimeter of soil takes hundreds of years to form.

Factors of soil formation:- The main factors of soil formation are the nature of the parent rock and climatic factors. Other factors in soil formation are topography, role of organic matter and time taken for soil formation.

Dettagli