CLASS 9 NCERT POLITY SHORT NOTES IN ENGLISH

What is colonialism? Three maps of military rule, democracy, monarchy, monarchy, dictatorship, republic, democracy

Different types of governance systems of the world:-

Monarchy :- This is an ancient system of governance. Saudi Arabia, Brunei and the UAE are still monarchies in the UAE. European countries have formally maintained the monarchy but its powers have been limited. Democratic governments exist in these countries such as Britain, Portugal and Spain. denmark sweden

Republic :- The President is elected by Ganpat. The USA is the first republic of the modern era. India and USA are republics based on the Crown dynasty.

Dictatorship :- In this type of governance system, all powers are in the hands of a single person. This system is prevalent in African countries except South Africa.

Communism :- Government system can be understood in Hindi song. Democratic elections are not in the hands of communists.
The Communist Party's surveys are all over the world and the public is given the right to vote only at the local level. Presently this system of governance is prevalent in China, Vietnam and Cuba.

Democracy:- There is public rule. The system of democracy is considered to be in a country where the people have the right to participate in the work of government and run the government themselves.

Military rule :- When democracy fails, military rule is used to run social systems smoothly. The anti-social forces are suppressed forcefully during military rule.

Democracy :- It is a form of governance in which rulers are elected by the people. In this the rulers are elected by the people.

Struggle for democracy:- The spread of democracy has not happened smoothly and uniformly. It has seen a lot of ups and downs in different countries. Even today, doubts remain about the stability and durability of democracy.

Chile is a major country in the South American continent.

Salvador Ayte was the founder of the Socialist Party which won the 1970 presidential election.

After becoming the President, he started other programs for the benefit of the poor and laborers, some of which were as follows

1.reforming the education system
2.Distribution of free milk to children and complete details of land among landless farmers.
3.Opposition to foreign companies taking natural resources like copper out of the country.

But his policies were not liked by the church, landowning class and rich people and other political parties in the country.

On September 11, 1973, his government was overthrown by the army.

1973 military coup of

On the morning of 11 September 1973, a naval group captured the port and arrested the Defense Minister when he arrived at his office.

Army officers asked President Ayete to step down but he refused to resign or leave the country

After that the army surrounded the President's residence and bombed it and in this military attack the President died.

This military coup was led by General Augusto Pinochet.

The American government was not happy with Ayende's rule. He facilitated the activities of the coup plotters, providing money for them.

After this coup, Pinochet became the President of the country and ruled for the next 17 years.

A military dictatorship was established in Chile from a democratic government.

Pinochet's government repressed and murdered Allende's supporters and those demanding democracy.

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