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After having established the fact that two variables are strongly correlated with each other, one may be interested in predicting the value of one variable with the help of the given value of another variable. For example, if we know that yield of wheat and amount of rainfall are closely related to each other, we can estimate the amount of rainfall to achieve a particular wheat production level. This estimation becomes possible because of regression analysis that reveals average relationship between the variables.
The term "Regression" was first used by Sir Francis Galton in 1877 while studying the relationship between the height of fathers and sons. The dictionary meaning of regression is the act of returning back to the average. According to Morris Hamburg, regression analysis refers to the methods by which estimates are made of the values of one a variable from a knowledge of the values of one or more other variables and to measurement of the errors involved in this estimation process. Ya Lun Chou elaborates it further adding that regression analysis basically attempts to establish the nature of relationship between the variables and thereby provides mechanism for prediction/ estimation.
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