Electrical current fluctuation in desalination plants: Impact of Harmonics on Current Fluctuation in Desalination Plants

The impact of electrical current fluctuation in desalination plants is a critical issue with significant repercussions. Eng. Hatem Shair, a Senior Engineer at the Water and Wastewater Company in Matrouh, Arab Republic of Egypt, has conducted a comprehensive study addressing this pressing concern. Shair's technical inspections revealed frequent production stoppages in large desalination plants due to current fluctuation, resulting in considerable operational and maintenance costs, equipment damage, reduced productivity, and significant repair expenses.

Shair's study begins by highlighting the pivotal role of energy and water provision in global development and emphasizes the close interdependence of these resources. The increasing demand for energy and water underscores the critical importance of maintaining electrical current stability, especially in desalination plants where power outages can lead to severe disruptions and economic losses.

The study delves into the external causes of current fluctuation, including weather-related issues, natural disasters, water exposure, dust, and human-related incidents. Shair also explores the detrimental effects of low supply voltage (Brownouts) and complete power outages (Blackouts), emphasizing their implications for mechanical and electrical components.

Moreover, Shair investigates the impact of electrical motors on current fluctuations and explains various methods for controlling motor starting, such as direct delivery, autotransformers, starting resistors, and part-winding starting. The study also details the concept and operation of Variable Frequency Drives (VFD) in controlling motor speed, with a thorough exploration of harmonics resulting from VFD operation.

Furthermore, Shair elucidates that harmonics are undesirable electrical phenomena that generate current distortions and may lead to detrimental impacts on electrical systems, including increased losses, decreased efficiency, overheating, and potential equipment damage. The study addresses methodologies for measuring harmonics and proposes various strategies for mitigating their effects, such as installing filters, active harmonic filters, and isolation transformers.

The paper identifies the need for considering harmonics in the planning and design phase of desalination plants and emphasizes the importance of measuring and analyzing harmonics to effectively address their impact.

In conclusion, Shair's study sheds light on the critical issue of electrical current fluctuation in desalination plants and provides valuable insights into the complexities of harmonics, their effects, and potential mitigation measures. The comprehensive analysis aims to inform future projects and industry practices to ensure the stability and reliability of electrical systems in desalination facilities.

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