This book proposes bold yet plausible ideas for how robots and AI could help address major societal challenges related to healthcare, agriculture, energy systems, climate change, environmental protection, and space exploration. In healthcare, it suggests developing miniature ingestible robotic surgeons capable of performing internal procedures without invasive surgery, as well as precision cancer treatment aided by robotic exoskeleton chairs that keep patients precisely aligned with proton beams for affordable therapy worldwide. For agriculture, it outlines plans for fully autonomous robots that can weed fields, precisely apply fertilizer based on individual plant needs through machine learning analysis, monitor livestock herds, and implement robotic harvesting to replace strenuous and expensive human labor. To address energy and climate issues, the text puts forth ideas like incorporating intelligence into photovoltaic solar panels to optimize energy harvesting through independent movement, dramatically increasing battery storage capacity and lifetime through materials research, and implementing large fleets of solar-powered robotic systems to actively sequester carbon at scale from the atmosphere by performing artificial photosynthesis. It also proposes using robots to more extensively explore the moon, Mars, Jupiter's moons, and beyond through orbiter probes, rovers, and eventual self-replicating interstellar probes. Across these domains, the text presents an optimistic vision of intelligent machines helping to solve societal and planetary grand challenges through ambitious applications of robotics and artificial intelligence.