Hematuria, (Blood in Urine) A Simple Guide to The Condition, Related Diseases And Use in Diagnosis of Diseases

Hematuria is blood in the urine.
Two types of blood in the urine exist:

1. Gross hematuria. - Blood that can be seen in the urine
2. Microscopic hematuria - Blood that cannot be seen in the urine, except when examined with a microscope,.
   Red discoloration of the urine can have various causes:
3. Red blood cells
   Microscopic hematuria (small amounts of blood, can be seen only on urinalysis or light microscopy)
   Macroscopic hematuria (or "frank" or "gross") hematuria
4. Hemoglobin (only the red pigment, not the red blood cells)
5. Myoglobin in myoglobulinuria
6. Porphyrin in porphyria
7. Betanin after eating beets
8. Drugs such as Rifampicin and Phenazopyrine
   Diagnosis of Blood in the Urine:
   Most people with microscopic hematuria do not have symptoms.
   People with gross hematuria have urine that is pink, red, or cola-colored due to the presence of red blood cells (RBCs).
   Even a small amount of blood in the urine can cause urine to change color.
   In most cases, people with gross hematuria do not have other symptoms.
   However, people with gross hematuria that includes blood clots in the urine may have pain.
   The urinary system is made up of:
9. 2 Kidneys
10. 2 Ureters
11. Bladder
12. Urethra
    The normal urinary system has one goal only and that is to filter the 200 liters of blood so that its waste material is discharged through the outside though the 2 kidneys as 1.5 liters of urine and its distributing system of 2 ureters to the bladder.
    The bladder stores urine until releasing it through urination.
    When the bladder empties, urine flows out of the body through a tube called the urethra at the bottom of the bladder.
    Mild Hematuria can be caused by:
13. Menstruation,
14. Vigorous exercise,
15. Sexual activity,
16. Viral illness,
17. Trauma,
18. Infection, such as a urinary tract infection (UTI).
    More serious causes of hematuria include
19. Ureteric or kidney or bladder stones
20. Cancer of the kidney or bladder
21. Inflammation of the kidney, urethra, bladder, or prostatea walnut-shaped gland in men that surrounds the urethra at the neck of the bladder and supplies fluid that goes into semen
22. Polycystic kidney diseasean inherited disorder characterized by many grape-like clusters of fluid-filled cysts that make both kidneys larger over time, taking over and destroying working kidney tissue
    Some causes of blood clots in urine:
23. Blood clotting disorders, such as hemophilia
24. Sickle cell diseasean inherited disorder in which RBCs form an abnormal crescent shape, resulting in less oxygen delivered to the body's tissues, clogging of small blood vessels, and disruption of healthy blood flow
    Hematuria is diagnosed with:
25. Urinalysis
26. Blood kidney function
27. Biopsy
28. Cystoscopy
29. Kidney imaging tests
    Hematuria is treated by treating its underlying cause.
    If no serious condition is causing hematuria, no treatment is needed.
    Hematuria caused by a UTI is treated with antibiotics.
    TABLE OF CONTENT
    Chapter 1 Hematuria
    Chapter 2 Disease Diagnosis
    Chapter 3 Kidney Stone
    Chapter 4 Cystitis
    Chapter 5 Cancer of Kidney
    Chapter 6 Cancer of Bladder
    Chapter 7 Glomerulonephritis
    Chapter 8 Polycystic Kidneys
    Chapter 9 Hemophilia
    Epilogue

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