Militarized Maneuver Terrorism: Case Studies from Beslan Russia, Mumbai India, and Nairobi Kenya, Highly Trained Terrorists Executing Coordinated Attacks Substantively Different Than Active Shooters

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Militarized Maneuver Terrorism (MMT) is an evolving tactic posing a direct threat to the perception of security in the United States. Militarized Maneuver Terrorists MMTs are multiple (more than two) highly trained individuals, well-armed and capable of executing planned and coordinated attacks. Using case studies from Beslan, Russia, Mumbai, India, and Nairobi, Kenya, MMTs were found to be substantively different than active shooters and current response protocols likely ineffective.
Examining a means, opportunity and intent framework, the thesis concludes deterrence is preferred over response to avoid physical, economic and psychological harm from such an attack. MMT deterrence may be achieved through five lines of effort using both covert and overt approaches. Disrupting foreign terrorist safe havens, enhancing Border Security, training law enforcement in infantry tactics, and widespread and legal citizenry possession of concealed firearms, combined with information operations could make the United States a less attractive target for MMT.

HAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION * Thesis Question * Assumptions * Limitations * CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW * Existing Frames * Characteristics of MMT * Counterterrorism Methods-The Challenge Posed by MMT * Summary * CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY * Definition, Strengths, and Weaknesses of Case Studies * Case Selection Criteria * Research Method * Summary * CHAPTER 4 RESEARCH ANALYSIS * Background to Beslan * The Beslan MMT Attack * The Means of the MMT Attackers at Beslan * Opportunity of the Beslan MMT Attackers * Intent of the MMT Attackers at Beslan * Background to Mumbai MMT Attack * The Mumbai MMT Attack * The Means of the MMT Attackers at Mumbai * Opportunity of the MMT Attackers at Mumbai * Intent of the MMT Attackers at Mumbai * Background to the MMT Attack at Nairobi Kenya * The MMT Attack at the Westgate Mall Nairobi Kenya * The Means of the MMT Attackers at Nairobi * Opportunity of the MMT Attackers at Nairobi * Intent of the MMT Attackers at Nairobi * Case Study Commonalities * Methods to Deter MMT Attacks * Overt Approaches to Deterrence * Covert Approaches to Deterrence * Summary * CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION * Recommendations * Recommendations for Further Research

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