The fight against the illegal traffic of nuclear materials has led to the creation of a new discipline, nuclear forensic science. For example, when fourteen uranium pellets were discovered hidden in a garden in northwestern Germany in 2007, researchers from the Joint research center, JRC, assisted German authorities in their investigation by determining the origin of the material. Illegal trade in wildlife and fish, counterfeiting and currency trafficking, trafficking in nuclear and radioactive material, human trafficking, arms smuggling, organ trafficking, drug trafficking, smuggling of doping substances, illicit firearms trade and the smuggling of works of art are some of the themes that make up this book. Some of these crimes have significant implications for the global economy and security. They do not have borders and the criminals who perpetrate them are often implicated in other types of crimes such as murder, corruption, fraud or theft. Often times, the perpetrators of these crimes can make huge profits without taking great risks with their activities.