Urinary Retention, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions

Urinary retention is the medical disorder of inability to empty the bladder completely.
Acute urinary retention (AUR) happens suddenly and lasts only a short time.
People with acute urinary retention cannot pass urine at all, even though they have a full bladder.
Acute urinary retention, a potentially life-threatening medical disorder, needs instant emergency treatment.
Acute urinary retention can produce great discomfort or pain.
Chronic urinary retention can be a long-lasting medical disorder.
People with chronic urinary retention can still pass urine.
But they do not entirely empty all of the urine from their bladders
Urinary retention can occur from

1. Retention of the urethra such as enlarged prostate, urethral stricture, urinary tract stones, cystocele, rectocele, constipation, and certain tumors and cancers
2. Nerve problems
3. Medications
4. Weakened bladder muscles
   If the nerves are injured, the brain may not get the nerve signal that the bladder is full.
   Even when a person has a full bladder, the bladder muscles that press the urine out may not get the nerve signal to push, or the sphincters may not get the nerve signal to relax.
   People of all ages can have nerve problems that disrupt bladder function.
5. Vaginal childbirth
6. Brain or spinal cord infections or injuries
7. Diabetes
8. Stroke
9. Multiple sclerosis
10. Pelvic injury or trauma
    Different types of medicines can produce urinary retention by disrupting nerve signals to the bladder and prostate such as antihistamine, antidepressant
    Weakened bladder muscles may not tighten strongly enough or long enough to empty the bladder completely, leading to urinary retention.
    The symptoms of acute urinary retention may be:
11. Inability to urinate
12. Painful, urgent need to urinate
13. Pain or discomfort in the lower abdomen
14. Bloating of the lower abdomen
    Diagnosis is by:
15. Cystoscopy
16. Urodynamic tests
17. Electromyography of bladder
    Treatment is by:
18. Instant catheterization
19. Urethral dilation and stents
20. Prostate medicines and surgery.
21. An internal urethrotomy
22. Cystocele or rectocele repair
23. Tumor and cancer surgery
    TABLE OF CONTENT
    Introduction
    Chapter 1 Urinary Retention
    Chapter 2 Causes
    Chapter 3 Symptoms
    Chapter 4 Diagnosis
    Chapter 5 Treatment
    Chapter 6 Prognosis
    Chapter 7 Dysuria
    Chapter 8 Urine Incontinence
    Epilogue

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